2002考研英语阅读(2002年全国硕士研究生入院统一考试英语完形填空)

2024-03-29 15:01:01

Directions:

Read thefollowing text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Comparisons were drawn between thedevelopment of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing inthe 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 .As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper becamethe dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _ ,following in the wake of thepamphlet and the book and in the 4 ofthe periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, andleading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio,and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of themotor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8 . It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 9 ,that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuitduring the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smallerand more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper andstorage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance betweengenerations much 16 .

It was within the computer age that theterm “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communicationsrevolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think andfeel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social andcultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations haveproved difficult.

1. [A]between [B]before [C]since [D]later

2. [A]after [B]by [C]during [D]until

3. [A]means [B]method [C]medium [D]measure

4. [A]process [B]company [C]light [D]form

5. [A]gathered [B]speeded [C]worked [D]picked

6. [A]on [B]out [C]over [D]off

7. [A]of [B]for [C]beyond [D]into

8. [A]concept [B]dimension [C]effect [D]perspective

9. [A]indeed [B]hence [C]however [D]therefore

10. [A]brought [B]followed [C]stimulated [D]characterized

11. [A]unless [B]since [C]lest [D]although

12. [A]apparent [B]desirable [C]negative [D]plausible

13. [A]institutional [B]universal [C]fundamental [D]instrumental

14. [A]ability [B]capability [C]capacity [D]faculty

15. [A]by means of [B]in terms of [C]with regard to[D]inline with

16. [A]deeper [B]fewer [C]nearer [D]smaller

17. [A]context [B]range [C]scope [D]territory

18. [A]regarded [B]impressed [C]influenced [D]effected

19. [A]competitive [B]controversial [C]distracting [D]irrational

20. [A]above [B]upon [C]against [D]with

答案解析:

1. [A] between在…当中,在空间、位置或时间的中间

[B] before在此之前早些时候,在…前面

[C] since自从…以后,以前

[D] later 后来,稍后,随后

[答案] A

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:时间副词的用法辨析。

解此题关键看两个方面,一是理解文章第一句话的含义:人们曾对20世纪电视的发展以及15世纪和16世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。二是注意转折连词yet的用法,yet一般标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同,如:She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.(她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了)。文中第二句话结构非常简单,主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照,这时只能通过空格里填入的时间状语来体现了,因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语in the 20th century和 in the 15th and 16thcenturies相呼应并对照。接下来关键看这个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段,15、16世纪之前,20世纪之后还是两者之间。其实我们从下文中的the 19th century也可以推断出正确答案是between,即“然而,在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”。

2. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

[答案] D

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:固定句型。

空格所在的句子是一个强调句型:it was + 时间状语 + that。四个选项中能与not搭配的只有until,not until表示“直到……才……”,整个句意是“直到十九世纪,报纸才成为电子时代到来前主要的……”。如:It was not until the afternoon that he begun to tackle theproblem.(直到下午他才开始解决问题)。

3. [A] means方式,方法,手段 [B] method方法

[C] medium(表达或传播的)媒介 [D] measure措施,步骤,方法

[答案] C

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析。

本题相关部分是the newspaper became the dominantpre-electronic_ 3 _, following in the wake of the pamphletand the book,其中in the wake of 意为“紧跟…之后,接踵而来”,如:Outbreaks of disease occurred in the wake of the drought.(那场旱灾过后,疾病肆虐)。因此整个句子的含义是“报纸继宣传册和书之后成为电子时代到来前主要的__ 3_ _”从句意来看,空格处填入的名词应概括newspaper、pamphlet和book的共同特点,根据常识,报纸、宣传册和图书都只能是传播信息的媒介(medium),而不是方法或措施。Medium可特指“大众传播手段,包括报纸、杂志、广播或电视等”,如:Commercial television is a medium for advertising.(商业电视是一种广告媒介)。

4. [A] (in the) process (of) 在……过程中

[B] (in the) company (of) 在……陪伴下,与……同时出现

[C] (in the) light (of) 按照,根据

[D] (in the) form (of) 以……的形式

[答案] B

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义 + 介词短语辨析。

5. [A]gathered (up) 收集,蜷缩,概括

[B] speeded (up) 加速

[C] worked (up) 逐步建立,逐步发展,逐步引起,整理

[D] picked (up) 拾起,染上,学到,整理,收听到,好转

[答案] B

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:动词短语辨析。

根据语义,恰当选项是speededup,表示“通信革命加速发展”。文中所在句子用了强调结构It was during the same timethat,强调时间状语19世纪,表明在这一时期不但报纸成为主要媒介,而且通信革命也取得了重大的成果:运输业、铁路、电报、电话、无线电、**都在发展。

6. [A](lead) on引导,率领……继续前进

[B](lead) out开始,领舞伴起舞

[C] over不与lead搭配

[D] (lead) off(begin)开始

[答案] A

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:短语动词搭配 + 副词词义辨析。

7. [A] of …的,属于…的;有关…的

[B] for 为了;代表;以…为目的地;因为

[C] beyond 超出(理解、范围、眼界)之上

[D] into进入…之内;成为…状态

[答案] D

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:介词用法辨析。

根据上一题的分析,句子空格处需要一个介词和前面的begin with,lead on through一起来表达通信革命发展的全过程。选项中只有into符合,而且它和前面的leading相呼应,表达“进入20世纪的汽车和飞机时代”。

8. [A] concept 观念,概念

[B] dimension 长度,宽度,高度,尺寸,大小

[C](in)effect实际上,事实上,简直是

[D](in)perspective正确地、如实的(观察事物)

[答案] D

[解析] 本题考核的知识点是:句内语义 + 介词短语搭配。

9. [A] indeed实际上,确实 (表强调) [B] hence因此,所以,(表因果关系)

[C] however然而,(表转折关系) [D] therefore因此,(表因果关系)

[答案] C

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系。

从结构上看,空格所在句子是一个it做形式主语的完整的主语从句It is generally recognized that the introduction of the computerradically changed the process。空格由两个逗号隔开,在主语从句中是插入语。从四个选项看,这里需填入一个逻辑连接词,表明这个句子和其前文之间的逻辑关系。

从语义上看,第一段主要论述在15、16世纪和20世纪之间发生了很多事情,如:报纸等媒介的出现和通信革命的发展。第二段一、二句综合指出正确看待这个过程很重要。从空格所在这一句开始,文章提出“计算机的出现极大地改变了这个进程”,可以判断这里的逻辑关系为转折。选项中只有however表转折。

10. [A] brought带来

[B] followed跟随

[C] stimulated刺激, 激励

[D] characterized表现……的特色,刻画的……性格

[答案] B

11. [A] unless除非,(引导条件状语从句)

[B] since自……以来,既然,(引导时间、原因状语从句)

[C] lest惟恐,以免,(引导条件状语从句)

[D] although虽然,尽管,(引导让步状语从句)

[答案] D

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系。

在做本题之前,先做第12题比较好。空格前文提到,计算机的出现大大改变了这种进程,接着空格下文又说它对媒体的影响没有立即见效。显然,这里的逻辑关系为让步。四个选项中,只有although符合要求,意为“极大地改变了这一进程。虽然对媒体的影响并没有立即见效。”

12. [A] apparent明显的

[B] desirable值得要的,合意的,令人想要的,悦人心意的

[C] negative否定的,消极的,负的,阴性的

[D] plausible似是而非的

[答案] A

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义 + 形容词词义辨析。

13. [A] institutional惯例的;公共机构的,社会事业性质的

[B] universal全体的,普通的,大众化的

[C] fundamental基础的,根本的,必要的

[D] instrumental起作用的,有助于,一般做表语

[答案] A

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:句内语义 + 形容词词义辨析。

14. [A] ability [B] capability

[C] capacity [D] faculty

[答案] C

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析。

从结构上看,空格所在句子是with引导的分词独立结构:with display(逻辑主语)becoming sharper(现在分词结构) and storage 14 (逻辑主语)increasing(现在分词),来修饰前面的主句做状语。从语义上看,“计算机也成了个人工具,是随着其显示效果(display)越来越清晰(sharper)和存储…的提高”,因此空格和storage搭配后应指“(计算机的)存储能力”。考生关键要判断哪个名词能与storage搭配。四个选项都可以表示“能力”,但只有capacity可以指承受力或容纳力,和storage是固定搭配,表“存储能力”。例如:The hall has aseating capacity of 200 people(大厅可容纳200人)。

15. [A] by means of用…,依靠…,通过…

[B] in terms of按照,在…方面,从…角度

[C] with regard to关于

[D] in line with符合,和…一致

[答案] B

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:介词短语辨析。

空格所在句子是They were thought of, like people, 15 generations,其中主语they指的仍然是computers,插入语意为“像人一样”,谓语是被动语态形式were thoughtof,指“被考虑,被想”,可见,空格和generations(一代人,世代,衍生代)一起做状语,修饰谓语,说明电脑是怎样被看待考虑的。因此考生重点要区分A、B选项,A 选项by means of强调“用某种方式或手段”,而B选项in terms of可以强调用某个字眼、措辞及它所传达的概念,如:Give theanswer in terms of a percentage.(用百分比来回答)。根据文意,“计算机与人一样,都可以按照代(generations)来划分”,这里使用generation更多地是借用这个词和它的概念,因此正确选项为B。

16. [A] deeper [B] fewer

[C] nearer [D] smaller

[答案] D

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:习惯搭配。

本题要求考生判断哪个形容词的比较级可以修饰the distance。选项中只有smaller可以,表示“距离减小”。注意,英文中不能用near形容distance来表达“距离近”,而只用small或big这类的词来形容距离的远近。许多考生选择了A或C,是因为受到了中文思维的影响,觉得距离可以是深浅和远近。

17. [A] context (事情发生的)环境,背景

[B] range山脉;(种类变化的)范围,幅度; 射程

[C] scope(处理,研究事物的)范围;(做某事物的)机会, 余地

[D] territory领土, 版图?

[答案] A

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:名词词义辨析。

空格所在句子是一个强调句型It was within thecomputer age that…,其大意是:正是在这个计算机时代,“信息社会”开始被广泛用来描述我们现在所生活的……。information society描述的当然是society,因此考生关键要判断哪个选项和society属于同一语义范畴,显然我们不能说society是“范围(range/scope)”或“领土(territory)”,而只能说是一种“环境或背景(context)”。

18. [A] regarded看待,把…作为,尊敬,涉及 [B] impressed留下印象,盖印

[C] influenced 影响 [D] effected产生,招致,实现

[答案] C

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:动词词义辨析。

空格所在句子是The communications revolutionhas 18 both work and leisure and how we think andfeel both about place and time,因此考生需判断哪个动词可以描述句子主语“通信革命”对宾语“我们的工作和休闲方式以及对时间和空间的思考和感知方式”所做的动作。显然influenced是正确选项,句意为“通信革命影响了我们的众多方式”,其他三个选项和work和leisure搭配后从语义上都讲不通。

例句补充:I have always regarded him highly.(我总把他看得很高);I wrote down whatever impressedme during the journey.(我记下旅行过程中使我感动的所有事物);The newmanager effected several changes in the company.(新来的经理在公司里促成了好几次改革)。

19. [A] competitive竞争的 [B] controversial有争议的

[C] distracting注意力不集中的 [D] irrational无理性的,不合理的

[答案] B

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:上下文语义+ 形容词词义辨析。

20. [A] above 在…上,超出 [B] upon 在…上

[C] against 对照,对比,与…相反 [D] with 和…,同…在一起

[答案] C

[解析]本题考核的知识点是:习惯搭配。

解答本题,考生关键要知道weigh sth. against sth.或sth. is weighed against sth.是固定搭配,意为“权衡,斟酌”,如:weigh one plan against another(比较一计划与另一计划的优劣)。空格所在句子的含义是“把利益和产生的弊端进行了权衡”。

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